Rekonstruksi Penafsiran Hukum Islam dan Ijtihad Modern melalui Pendekatan Kultural

Muhammad Yusuf Yahya

doi:10.58405/aw.v5i2.95

Authors

Muhammad Yusuf Yahya Aceh Universitas Islam Aceh (UIA) Bireuen, Aceh, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.58405/aw.v5i2.95

Keywords:

Islamic Legal Reconstruction, Modern Ijtihad, Cultural Approach, Legal Interpretation

Abstract

The interpretation of Islamic law and modern ijtihad should maintain fidelity to normative sources while responding to social and cultural changes in society. However, in reality, differences in place, time, customs, circumstances, competencies, and intellectual perspectives have produced diverse legal interpretations, while contemporary legal issues have become increasingly complex. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of Islamic legal interpretation and modern ijtihad, explain the urgency of reconstruction within the Indonesian context, and formulate a cultural approach capable of connecting text and context. This study employs library research with a qualitative approach through descriptive and critical analysis of primary and secondary sources, using the framework of mā fī al-naṣṣ and mā ḥawla al-naṣṣ. The findings indicate that reconstruction can be developed through the integration of textual understanding, textual criticism, descriptive, explanatory, and critical analysis with attention to socio-cultural contexts. This approach strengthens the relevance of modern ijtihad and Islamic legal reform in Indonesia while maintaining justice, mercy, public interest, and wisdom as substantive principles of Islamic law.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Akbari, M. F., Hudaya, H., & Munawwarah, H. (2025). Metode Kritik Matan Hadis Perspektif Ulama Hadis. Al-Falah: Jurnal Ilmiah Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan, 25(1), 15–31. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.47732/alfalahjikk.v25i1.398

Arrasyid, F., Pagar, Tanjung, D., & Nor, M. R. M. (2023). The Progressivity of Umar Ibn Al-Khattab’s Ijtihad in Responding to Community Social Changes. Al-Istinbath: Jurnal Hukum Islam, 8(1), 21–36. https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v8i1.4872

Asfiyak, K. (2020). Ikhtilaf Al-Fuqaha: Studi Tentang Akar Perbedaan Pemikiran Hukum Islam. Jurnal Ilmiah Ahwal Syakhshiyyah (Jas), 2(1), 51–67. https://doi.org/10.33474/jas.v2i1.6822

Aswadi, Yusuf, M., Jannah, R., Tawwabuddin, & Ezzeroual, S. (2026). Reassessing the Expiatory Sacrifice for Hajj Tamattuʿ in Indonesia: A Qur’anic Exegesis and Socio-Legal Perspective on Contemporary Practices. Volksgeist: Jurnal Ilmu Hukum Dan Konstitusi, 9(1), 37–59. https://doi.org/10.24090/volksgeist.v9i1.15220

Azani, M. (2021). The Development of Islamic Law in Indonesia Through Traditional Theory and Legal Changes. Jurnal Mahkamah: Kajian Ilmu Hukum Dan Hukum Islam, 6(2), 113–128. https://doi.org/10.25217/jm%20v6i2.1626

Badruddin, & Supriyadi, A. P. (2022). Dinamika Hukum Islam Indonesia: Reaktualisasi Norma Islam dalam Menalarkan Hukum Positif Merespon Sosio-Kultural Era Kontemporer. De Jure: Jurnal Hukum dan Syar’iah, 14(1), 38–57. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v14i1.15512

Bambang. (2024). Ijtihad and the Dynamics of Islamic Legal Interpretation: An Epistemological Exploration in the Contemporary Context. 3(1), 56–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/ZENODO.17373912

Bary, S. & Zakirman. (2020). Hermeneutika Friedrich D.E. Schleiermacher sebagai Metode Tafsir Al-Qur’an (Kajian ayat ikhlāṣ; jilbāb; sayyārah; dan al-hudā). Journal Of Qur’an And Hadith Studies, 9(1), 51–70. https://doi.org/10.15408/quhas.v9i1.15209

Bruce Manning Metzge. (1992). The text of the New Testament: Its transmission, corruption, and restoration ((3rd ed., enlarged)). Oxford University Press.

El-Mesawi, M. E.-T. (2020). Maqaṣid Al-Shariʽah: Meaning, Scope And Ramifications. Al-Shajarah Journal of the International Institute of Islamic Thought and Civilization (Istac), 25(2), 263–295. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31436/shajarah.v25i2.1141

Firdaus, Juneidi, A., Astari, L., & Mustikasari, F. (2020). Various Methods of Establishing Contemporary Islamic law. Ulumuddin : Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Keislaman, 10(1), 39–58. https://doi.org/10.47200/ulumuddin.v10i1.340

Garat, V. O., Nasil, G. A., & Sani, R. I. (2024). Legal Hermeneutics as a Method 0f Rechtsvinding In Judicial Practice. Indonesian Journal of Law and Policy Studies, 5(1), 35–37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31000/ijlp.v5i1.15964

Gracia, J. J. E. (1995). A Theory of Textuality: The Logic and Epistemology. State University of New York Press.

Harahap, J. A., & Afriansyah, D. (2024). Ijtihad, Patterns, Orientation, and the Need For It. At-Tafahum: Journal of Islamic Law, 8(2). https://doi.org/http://dx.doi.org/10.47006/attafahum.v8i2.29162

Hasibuan, U. K. (2020). Kajian Terhadap Tafsir: Metode, Pendekatan Dan Corak Dalam Mitra Penafsiran Al-Qur’an. Perada: Jurnal Studi Islam Kawasan Melayu, 3(1), 61–77. https://doi.org/10.35961/perada.v3i1.105

Hayati, I., Edyar, B., Desfitranita, Busahdiar, & Juliansyah. (2026). Contextualizing Fatwas amid Social Change: A Maqasid-Based Comparative Framework of Legal Reasoning in MUI, Muhammadiyah, and Nahdlatul Ulama. Al-Istinbath Jurnal Hukum Islam, 11(2), 494–522. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.29240/jhi.v11i2.15361

Innayah, L. W., Rahmawati, T., Khairunnisa, A., Nazila, S. F., & Siyono. (2025). Metodologi Ijtihad Dalam Empat Mazhab Dan Relevensinya Terhadap Hukum Islam Kontemporer. Jurnal Al Wasith: Jurnal Studi Hukum Islam, 10(2), 338–359. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.52802/wst.v10i2.1857

Jarir, A., Chairina, N., Masduki, & Hakimi, A. R. (2025). Fatwa In Contemporary Islamic Judiciary: The Accommodation Of Mui Fatwā Among Judges Of Indonesian Religious Court. Al-Mawarid Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum (Jsyh, 7(2), 373–396. https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol7.iss2.art9

Khaera, N., Rahman, A., & Kurniati. (2022). The Paradigm of Islamic Legal Products in Indonesia: A Critical Review of the Polarization of the Characteristics and Authority of the Madhhab of Thought Products. Mazahibuna: Jurnal Perbandingan Mazhab, 4(1), 31–48. https://doi.org/10.24252/mh.vi.26364

Khaeruman, B. & Nurholis. (2024). The Qur’an and Hadith as a Rule of Law Change: Fatwa Studies of. IJNI: International Journal of Nusantara Islam, 12(2), 229–250. https://doi.org/10.15575/Ijni.v12i2.%2044784

Lestarini, R. (2023). The Sociological Perspective on The Study of The Living Law: Is It a Part of Legal Discipline or Social Discipline? Jurnal Ius: Kajian Hukum Dan Keadilan, 11(3), 448–464. https://doi.org/10.29303/ius.v11i3.1270

Mansur. (2026). The Methodology of Tafsir Ishariand a Critical Analysis from the Perspective of Qur’anic Exegesis Studies. Journal of Indonesian Islamic Studies, 5(2), 908–923. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.24256/jiis.v5i2.12073

Muhammaddiah, M. R. bin & Muhazir. (2021). Dinamika Hukum Islam Dan Perubahan Sosial Di Aceh (Upaya Membangun Hukum Pindana Islam Yang Responsif Dan Dinamis). Legalite : Jurnal Perundang Undangan Dan Hukum Pidana Islam, 6(1), 1–23. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32505/legalite.v6i1.2918

Noviana, C. N., Supriyanto, J., & Ilyas, D. (2021). Resepsi Masyarakat Pondok Pesantren Subulussalam Syarif Hidayatullah Putri Terhadap Tradisi Pembacaan Surat-Surat Pilihan. Al-Misykah: Jurnal Studi Al-qur’an dan Tafsir, 2(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.19109/almisykah.v2i2.10809

Rachman, D. T., Handoyo, P., & Harianto, S. (2023). Perubahan Kondisi Sosial Budaya Masyarakat Pemukiman Kumuh Akibat Urbanisasi di Kota Surabaya. Harmony: Jurnal Pembelajaran IPS dan Pkn, 8(2), 123–130. https://doi.org/10.15294/harmony.v8i2.69471

Rohayana, A. D. (2022). The Mutualism Interactions in the Changes of Social and Islamic Law. Hikmatuna: Journal for Integrative Islamic Studies, 8(1), 16–27. https://doi.org/10.28918/hikmatuna.v8i1.5683

Sudjana. (2021). Pelindungan Paten Dalam Perspektif Fungsi Hukum Sebagai Kontrol Sosial Dan Rekayasa Sosial. Dialogia Iuridica: Jurnal Hukum Bisnis dan Investasi, 13(1), 61–78. https://doi.org/10.28932/di.v13i1.3757

Sulfanwandi, S. (2020). Kompilasi Hukum Islam Di Inonesia: Penyusunan dan Kaitannya dengan Ushul Fiqh. Legistimasi: Jurnal Hukum Pidana dan Politik Hukum, 9(2), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.22373/legitimasi.v9i2.8513

Syafieh, Muhaini, & Syufyan, M. S. (2022). Authority and Ulama In Aceh: The Role of Dayah Ulama In Contemporary Aceh Religious Practices. Jurnal Theologia, 33(2), 151–178. https://doi.org/10.21580/teo.2022.33.2.13455

Tohari, C., Fawwaz, H., & Swadjaja, I. (2023). The ijtihad construction of Islamic law based on the maqâshid al-syarî’ah approach in the Indonesian context. Prophetic Law Review, 4(2). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/PLR.vol4.iss2.art4

Zaman, M. B., Rakhman, I. A., & Mundzir, A. (2024). The Meaning of Jilbab and Khimār in Contextual Interpretation: Integrating Gadamer’s Hermeneutics and Ulūm al-Qur’ān. QOF, 8(2), 301–320. https://doi.org/10.30762/qof.v8i2.1381

Zulfa, F. A., Achmad, M., Soylu, D., & Fadhil. (2025). Mapping contemporary Islamic legal thought in Indonesia: A dialog between fiqh and the culture of the archipelago. Al-Mawarid: Jurnal Syariah Dan Hukum, 7(1). https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.20885/mawarid.vol7.iss1.art10